dance
Contemporary Orissa
has a proud cultural heritage that arose due to the intermingling of three
great religious traditions - Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The culture of the
Adivasis (the original inhabitants of India) is also an integral part of modern
Orissan heritage. These tribal communities have given rise to different folk
dances, among which, the famous ones are given below:
Pala
Pala is widely
performed in Orissa and a very famous performance associated with the cult of
`Satyapir`. People from Orissa believe strongly behind the theme of Pala. It is
said that this dance originated at the time of the Muslim-Mughal period. It was
in this period that the assimilation of the `Satyanarayan` of Hindu pantheon
with Pir of Muhammadanism, developed into a synthetic & a mixed cult known
as `Satyapir`. As a part of consequences of this action, the Hindu worshipers
became the disciples of the Muslim guru called as Fakir and adopted the worship
pattern of the respected Hindu deities and vice versa.
The entire
performance of the Pala is to evoke the deity of Satyapir, intended for the
well being of the people. It is a group performance consisting of five or six
persons and is a very exciting play to watch. Here, the `mridanga` and the
cymbals are used as an accompaniment to the music, whereas the rest of them
help the chief singer known as `Gayaka`, to sing the songs and explain the
meaning of various references from the play, to the audience.
Spark of knowledge,
sharpness of intelligence, oratory skills and memory power are put to a severe
test when two well-matched groups challenge each other in a `Pala` competition.
Here, the drummer performs his skill by his fingers trying to relate humorous
stories to please the audience. Even the conversation dialogues between the
singer and one of the attendants are carried out, where it diminishes the
monotony of long speeches and jugglery of words in the songs. Therefore, Pala
can be said as originated to build up Hindu-Muslim unity in society.
Daskathia
`Daskathia` has
originated from the Ganjam District. As, it got wide popularity; it spread to
all other parts of Orissa. The word `Dasa` means a devotee & `Katha` refers
to wooden pieces arranged in tune for the prayer of the devotee.
Danda Nata
Danda Nata is
performed during the festival observed by the Kaibartas in the month of Chaitra
from the full moon day to eight day of Vaisakha. The festival is celebrated to
show an honor of their caste deity Vasuli Devi. The participants in a Danda
Nata invoke the blessings of Lord Shiva to get blessed by a child, to fulfil
certain ambition, to get rid of sickness, seeking happiness in life, good
harvest or even peace and happiness to all the communities.
Prahlad Nataka
Prahlad Nataka is
considered as a form of traditional theatre, which is very famous in the region
of Orissa, however, this folk art form is originated in Ganjam District. The
art masters in the art theater still perform this art form. Generally, it is
performed in the open space or ground on a five or six- tiered stage, at the
summit of which Hiranyakashipu`s throne is placed at the middle. And the actual
performance involves music, and vigorous acting and dances. In the Prahlad
Nataka, the textual part contains overall 120 songs, which were written by
Gopinath Parichha, who was one of the members of the court of Raja Ramakrishna
Chhotray of Jalantar. The language used in the play is a sound mixture of
Sanskrit and Oriya.
In total, there are
about twenty characters in the play. Each one is required to dance & mime
frequently. The performers at times use stylized gestures & coordinated
movements. The characters wear distinctively colourful & attractive
costumes with make-up on their face. The theme of the play is an old story of
Bhakta Prahlad. A young boy usually plays the role of Prahlad with loud voice.
The entire story of Lord Narsimha`s entry and the death of Hiranakashyapu is
enacted & presented to the viewers with a beautiful blend of dance and
music.
Bharat Lila
Bharat Lila is an
example of presenting the stories from epics with expressive acts & dances.
It is the most colourful presentation of folk dance performed & prevalent
in Ganjam District of Orissa. Its theme is taken from epic Mahabharata. The
small incident of Subhadra Parinaya (wedding of Subhadra), a beautiful part of
the epic Mahabharata is the primary theme of the performance. It is shown how
Lord Krishna appears in the play & does the role of mediator between Arjuna
and Subhadra and helps to precede the love slowly progressing to a positive
end.
Ghudiki Nabaranga
Nata
This art form is a
folk play of Orissa. It is performed in the presence of various musical
instruments. In some parts, it is also termed as by the name `Dhudiki Nabaranga
Nata.` The word `dhudiki` refers to the local instrument like drum used during
the performance. The performance involves around 8 to 10 actors, who perform
different skits ranging on many issues. It is played for duration of 3 to 4
hours. No proper constructed stage is required for this art form, since
basically, it is a village originated art.
Dalkhai Dance
The `Dalkhai` is an
eye-catching dance performance by the tribal women from the Sambalpur district
of Orissa. The festival of `Dusserah` is the occasion of performing Dalkhai,
which is the most popular folk-dance of western Orissa.
Jumur or Jumu Nach
For more than a
hundred years of settlement of the tea tribes in Assam, they have developed a
synthesized form of dance over the period of time. This dance is called as
`Chah Baganar Jumur Nach` that means Jumur dance of tea garden. This dance is
very much prevalent in all tea garden surrounding areas & performed by
girls and boys together to make the people relax while working. However,
sometimes the girls dance alone, with precision of footwork while holding each
other`s waist tightly. This is a very beautiful dance to watch & perform.
It can be easily seen in any tea gardens of Orissa.
Bagurumba Dance
It is a folk dance of
the Bodo community, which is very rich in cultural wealth. It has many folk
dances to boast about their culture, but among all the dances the best and the
most attractive dance is the Bagurumba dance.
Deodhani Dance
Deodhani is danced as
a solo or group performance. In the group performance, it essentially includes
3 or 4 females and it is performed on the occasion of the worship of Devi
Manasa or Maroi. It is actually based on a mythological reference, where a wife
had to dance before the goddess Manasa to get her husband`s life back. So
basically, this dance form depicts the process of worship of Devi Manasa. The
dancers generally wear Mekhela in Muga & red blouse as their dress
combination. With it they also wear different traditional jewelry, ornaments
and leave the hair open while dancing. The music for the dance is provided with
the tune of Jaidhol i.e. a specific cylindrical shaped percussion instrument
& Khutitaal that is played by Palis.
Some of the steps in
the dance are difficult & complex. The striking moments of this dance are
dancing with Daa. Daa is a sharp weapon that is used for sacrifice during the
war situation and the rotation of the dancers` head in rapid circular motion,
with open tresses. It is strongly believed by the people that the Goddess
during the course of the dance possesses the Deodhanis. Such kind of dances
strengthens the belief & faith of the people.
Dhepa Dhuliya Dance
Dhepa Dhuliya Dance
is another form of traditional folk art of Darrang region of Orissa. In this
dance performance, two to four performers play the Dhepadhol and it is
specially to generate a unique sound, while beating it.
